The above article explains a Neolithic burial mound in the Cotswolds (UK) - the occupants of which represent and extended family deriving form four different women having children with the same single man dating to around 3700-3600 BCE (or around 5700 years from the present time). As the Cotswolds are situated 58 miles North of the Stonehenge site (the construction of which began around 3100 BCE) - it is entirely logical to assume that the descendants of these people planned and /or participated in the designing and building of he stone circle and its environs. Of course, DNA studies alone cannot detect the language an individual spoke. This is because 'language' is a cultural construct that has developed in very different environmental and social conditions, despite language as an ability being part of general human evolution (the human brain developed the ability for 'language' which manifests in a myriad of different and divergent ways in the external world). When the Romans first arrived in Britain around 55 BCE - they encountered various 'Celtic' Tribes with thousands fighting on foot - with their leaders riding on war-chariots the likes of which had not been seen on the ancient battlefield for around a thousand years! The Romans were also aware that there were Celtic Tribes in Britain and France that possessed the same name and which appeared to be 'related'. Furthermore, despite the English Channel lying between the two land-masses - the Romans were aware that the the indigenous populations were in continuous communication (including via boats). Britain was isolated as a landmass, but its people were not 'isolated'. They simply did not have to confront any aggressive incursions from unknown or outside people for probably around a thousand year period. Indeed, the above research suggests that there was a substantial invasion of Britain between 1000-850 BCE - possibly the time the war-chariot were brought to the area.
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Dear Adrian I have been researching my ancestors, the WILES family of Ruskington for many years. They were yeoman farmers in the village. Thomas Wiles who married Maria Claricoates are my 3 x Great Grandparents. Maria Wiles, sister of Thomas, married Walter Baldock who was in mamy ways "all things Ruskington." He was landlord of the Shoulder of Mutton Public House in the village. Always good to be in contact with fellow researchers. Robert Turner of Newark, Notts. Dear Richard
Thank you for your very interesting email. Although my research has centred upon Duddington, I am always interested to learn more about other lineages of the 'Wiles' - 'Wyles' surname. As a matter of interest, what is the earliest known example of 'Wiles' in the Ruskington area? Prof. Peter McClure has provided documentary evidence to me (the 'lay subsidy rolls') that a man named 'Wyles' existed in Oundle (situated around 13 miles South of Duddington) as early as 1301. For Duddington at the moment. (this could change if older documents are discovered), the earliest documentary evidence is a tax return for a number of men named 'Wyles' dated as '1523'. I suspect this is a father and a number of sons who have perhaps just entered the area under Henry VIII, although this is a contentious issue that needs more research (obviously, the 1523 tax return is for the Crown of Henry VIII). The next document is a 1588 tax return for a number of 'Wyles' men living in Duddington to be paid to Elizabeth I. The first observable burials in St Mary's Church (Duddington) is of 'Robert Wiles' (1619) and his wife 'Agnus Wiles' (1646). The earlier Oundle and tax returns version of the surname is 'Wyles' with the above graves being 'Wiles'. There is only one other burial spelt 'Wiles' in the graveyard but even this is spelt 'Wyles' in other documents. I would like to see more research into the 'Wiles-Wyles' dichotomy as I think with regards to other (unrelated) geographical areas the use of the name might well be unrelated and a product of a different (ancient) Celtic or Anglo-Saxon origins and linguistic evolutions. Of course, spelling was not 'standardised' in the past as it is today, and I have even seen the name spelt 'Whyles' in Church records - which gives a clue to its pronunciation. Again, yet another area of contention as Scottish researchers have suggested to me that the name should be pronounced 'Wy-les' as in 'Wallace' with this latter name being a modern invention, etc. This narrative feeds into the Viking origination theory (that 'Wyles' = 'Jarls') c, 9th century CE. All these theories date to before the Norman Conquest - but I have no direct evidence that 'Wyles' existed prior to this time (Although I am always seeking the possibility of such evidence). On the other hand, names such as Wills, Wylls, Wiles, Wyles, Willes, Wylles and Willes, Wylles etc, could all be derivatives of 'William' or 'Wilhelm', etc, and possibly be inspired by 'William the Conqueror'. Research as to the historicity of the surname is ongoing. All Best Wishes Adrian Wyles Great Casterton is around 7.8 miles Northeast of Duddington and is situated in the County of Rutland! - whilst 'Little Casterton' is around 7.7. miles in the same direction! Its name is Latin from 'Casterton Magna' (with 'Little Casterton' being 'Casterton Parva'). Therefore, Roman settlement in the area is well-known, but what is not so well-known is the extent of 'slavery' used by the Romans themselves. Although most, if not all manual labour was performed by 'captives' deemed 'slaves', the historical record remains incredibly scant as to proving their presence. The find in Great Casterton finally gives physical evidence of individuaals who lived and died in a state of 'slavery' within the Roman empire! Around 2010, we visited Great Casterton (and Little Casterton) in search of any evidence in the local graveyards of the 'Wyles' family - but could not find any at the time. I always 'link' the original articles through the above photograph - just 'click' to access!
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AuthorAdrian Chan-Wyles - Last Male Descendant of the 'Wyles' Family of Duddington! Archives
November 2023
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